Топики для сдачи экзамена по английскому языку в 11-ом классе (Шпаргалка) — страница 7

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water pollution, to study the man's influence on the climate. The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and our human life. If we don't use chemicals in a proper way we'll pollute our environment. Our plants and factories put their waste materials into water and atmo­sphere and pollute the environment. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that's why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people. Radiation. Now it has become one of the main problems. It is not good for J health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It ' was a tragedy. Another problem is earth­quake. We know some terrible earth­quakes in the world. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then

we can protect ourselves from them. The people all over the world do every­thing to protect their nature, to make their country richer, to make their life happier. CHRISTMAS DAY Every country has its own customs and traditions. English people are proud of their traditions and they keep them up. It is difficult to speak about England without speaking about its holidays. Christmas Day is among them. All English people celebrate Christmas (or X-mas) on the 25th of December. Christmas! What kind of holiday is it? It is the yearly celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. It falls on December 25 by the Catholic Church and on the 7th of January by the Orthodox Church. This holiday means the beginning of the new year and the new life. English people cele­brate this holiday with the

evergreen tree — Christmas tree. Children rut along sock, called a Christmas stocking at the end of their beds and Santa Claus conies down the chimney to bring them presents. Christmas Day is the greatest holiday in England. It is interesting to visit the shops before this holiday. There are a lot of nice Christmas cards and presents there. English people like this holiday very much and prepare for it beforehand. They buy presents for each other, try to send Christmas cards for their relatives and friends. It is interesting to visit London during this holiday. There is a Christmas tree in Trafalgar Square. We can see many lights, toys and sweets all over this tree. Everywhere you can see slogans "A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year". The traditional English dinner

on Christmas is turkey and pudding. NEW YEAR'S DAY There are many holidays in our coun­try. They are: New Year's Day, Christ­mas, Women's Day, Victory Day, May Day and others. I like New Year's Day, it is my favou­rite holiday. The 1st of January is a win­ter holiday and now it is the first day of the New Year. Peter the First changed the Russian calendar in 1699. He made the 31st of De­cember, 1699 the last day of the year. The first of January 1700 became New Year's Day. The 1st of January is in the middle of winter. The weather is usually fine and there is a lot of snow everywhere. As the 1st of January is a holiday I don't go to school and my parents don't go to work. We usually have got a very interesting New Year's party at school. We have got it on the 28th or 29th of

December. Our family prepares for this holiday be­forehand. My father buys and brings home a beautiful New Year's tree at the end of December. Our family has a tradition to buy it. I like to decorate the New Year's tree with toys, little coloured lights, sweets and a beautiful star on the top. My mother and grandmother prepare our holiday supper and lay the table. I make a cake. All the members of our family clean the flat before this nice holiday and then each of us try to dress well. We like to see the New Year in at home with our relatives. They come to see us at 11 o'clock in the evening. At 12 o'clock we are sitting at the table and we are glad to see the New Year in. We say, "Best wishes for the New Year!" I hope that next year will be better than the last one.

The New Year's Day is always connect­ed with our new hopes and dreams. It is a pleasant moment to get presents on the New Year's Eve. I usually get many nice useful things from my parents and relatives. My parents put their presents under the New Year's tree. We don't go to bed till morning, we watch TV, dance, eat tasty things and make jokes. I enjoy this holiday very much. YURI GAGARIN (1934-68) Yuri Gagarin was the first cosmonaut in the world. Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin was born on the 9th of March, 1934. He was born in the village of Klushino in the Smolensk region. Yura was an active, brave and curious boy. His father was jack of all trades and he helped his son when Yura made toy planes by hand. But the war began. Yuri Gagarin and his mother, father, brother and sister left