The Law Of All Land Essay Research — страница 4

grants beyond even what many national supreme law documents constitutes. Unlike diplomatic immunity, even the U.S. Constitution does not promise freedoms from prosecution after a crime is committed. Abuses of such near absolute freedom occur, in many instances, go unprosecuted, and thus ignites public disdain for international relations. Abuses of diplomatic immunity situate countries in awkward and adverse dual roles. The state or foreign service departments must act in responsibility of their duties to maintain international fellowships, but also, show allegiance to the country in which it serves. Cases of abuse diplomatic immunity and privilege arise abroad and in the United States, each resulting in different outcomes. ??On July 21, 1994, the District Court (Amtsgericht) of

Berlin-Tiergarten issued a warrant for the arrest of S. (name must remain anonyomous), the former Ambassador of Syria to the German Democratic Republic (GDR), on charges of having assisted in the commission of murder and the bringing about of a bomb explosion in West Berlin in August of 1983.? Result: The Court concluded that S. had exercised official duties because he acted according to orders from his government, regardless of its legality in another country. Therefore, he is exempted from prosecution and granted diplomatic immunity. ??General Augusto Pinochet thwarts a Communist takeover of Chile in the early 1970s and placed the regime in a plebiscite.? Result: The British House of Lords grants an extradition of Pinochet of Chile to Spain to stand trial for ?crimes against

humanity?. However, Chilean?s democratic government contends Pinochet should be immune from persecution and extradition because he was the head of state at the time. The United States has also faced many cases of misconduct from foreign due to diplomatic immunity. ??Gueorgui Makharadze, diplomat from the Republic of Georgia, on January 3, 1997, kills a 16-year old girl when driving at 80 mph sets off a horrific five-car crash that catapults onto her Volkswagen.? Result: Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze waives his diplomat?s immunity in order for him to stand trial in U.S. federal courts for second degree murder with a sentencing of approximately 20 years. ?In December of 1996, a brawl between New York City?s police and U.N. diplomats results over a traffic accident. U.N.

diplomats said to have been drunk, while officers are alleged to have been harassing. In addition, Mayor Giuliani claims diplomats owe excessive amounts of money to the City. Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov alleges discrimination and harrassment.? Result: Matter is settled mutually between nations. Because of the uproar, U.S., Russia, and other nations began outlashing one another alleging maltreatment of foreign diplomats. ??In 1992, Angel Francisco Breard, Paraguayan diplomat, kills an Arlington woman during an attempted rape.? Result: Because of the brutality and severity of the crime, the Virginian government tried and found him guilty. Paraguay officials were not notified of the act, and thus Virginia failed to recognize any diplomatic immunity. The sentencing was death by legal

injection. Secretary of State Albright attempts to stay the execution, along with a similar appeal form the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The Supreme Court rules in favor of the state of Virginia (Breard v. Greene), ruling that the ICJ, the U.S. federal government, nor the Supreme Court could not order Virginia to stay the execution. The execution took place on the evening of April 14, 1998 at 10:39pm. As a result of these occurrences, Congress, in three attempts, have tried to protect the rights of the people of America. In 1995, the Senate, led by Foreign Relation Committee Chair Jesse A. Helmes (R-N.C.), proposed executive withholds of foreign aid to the country of the diplomat who abused his diplomatic immunity or privilege. In 1997, Republicans Representatives form

California and Tennessee crafted a proposition to the Department of the State. The proposition entailed the Department to initially attempt an immunity waiver, and if failed, an assurance that diplomats accused of misconduct be tried in their home countries. In 1999, crimes committed by diplomats are addressed in the United States Code of Service under title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, ch. 38, 2728, ??the Secretary of State shall prepare and submit to the Congress, a report concerning diplomatic immunity entitled, ?Report on Cases Involving Diplomatic Immunity?.? VI.CONCLUSION The intentions and ideals behind diplomatic immunity center on the protection of diplomats for the development and endurance of international relations. Importantly, most diplomats and their