The down of British History — страница 3

  • Просмотров 2150
  • Скачиваний 7
  • Размер файла 103
    Кб

today with a name ending in "Chester", "cester" or "caster" was once a Roman camp or city. 1-4 century A.D.-Britain is a Roman province 5 A.D.-The Romans leave Britain. 5. Бақылау сұрақтары: 1. The earliest men 2.The Celts 3. Roman Empire 4. Roman ‘s influence in Britain 5. The Roman Conquest of Britain 6. Лекция тақырыбына сәйкес СӨЖ тапсырмалары: The Roman Conquest of Britain 7. Қажетті әдебиеттер: 1. Электрондық оқулық 2. Burlacova V.V. “The UK of GB and Northern Ireland” Ф-ОБ- 001/026 Лекция 2 1.Лекция тақырыбы: “The down of British History” 2. Лекция жоспары: 1. Establishment of the feudal system in Britain 2.

Establishment of the kingdom of England 3. Norman conquest of England 3. Лекция мақсаты: Студенттерге өздері тілін үйренетін елдің тарихы туралы толық мәлімет беру. 4. Лекция мазмұны:Феодалдық системаның құрылуын, Британиядағы корольдіктермен таныстыру. Establishment of the feudal system in Britain in the early middles ages (5-11 centuries) The Romans protected their province of Britain against the barbarian tribes until they left which was at the beginning of the 5 century the Anglo-Saxons, Germanic tribes invaded Britain. The Anglo-Saxon conquest is regarded as the beginning of medieval history in Britain. The Anglo-Saxons

were the ancestors of the English. As a result of the conquest they formed the majority of the population in Britain. After the Roman legions left Britain the Celts remained independent but not for long. From the middle of the 5 century they had to defend the country against the attacks of Germanic tribes from the Continent. In the 5 century, first the Jutes and then after Germanic tribes - the Saxons and Angles began to migrate to Britain. The Saxons came from the territory lying between the Rhyne and the Elbe rivers which was later on called Saxony. The Jutes and the Angles came from the Jull and Peninsula. In 449 the Jutes landed in Kent and this was the beginning of the Conquest. The British natives fought fiercely against the invaders and it took more than a hundred and

fifty years the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes to conquer the country. In the course of the conquest many of the Celts were killed, some were taken prisoners and made slaves or had to pay tribute to the conquerors. By the end of the 6 century and the beginning of the 7 several kingdoms were formed on the territory of Britain conquered by the Germanic tribes. This territory later on became England proper. Kent was set up by the Jutes in the South-East. In the southern and southern-eastern parts of the country the Saxons formed a number of kingdoms -Sussex (the land of South Saxons), Wessex (the land of West Saxons) and Essex (the land of the East Saxons). Farther north were the settlements of the angles that had conquered the greater part of the country. In the North they founded

North Umbria which has left its name the present country of north umber land. Murcia was founded in the Middle and East Anglia-in the East of England, north of the East Saxon Kingdom. These kingdoms were hostile to one another and they fought constantly for supreme power in the country. The new conquerors brought about changes altogether different from those that followed the conquest of the country by the Romans. The new settlers disliked towns preferring to live in small villages. In the course of the conquest they destroyed the Roman town and villas. All the beautiful buildings and baths and roads were so neglected that soon fell in ruins. Sometimes the roads were broken up, the stones being used for building material. This art of road making was lost for many hundreds of

years. The Jutes, the Saxons and the Angels were closely a kin in speech and customs, and they gradually merged into one people. The name”Jute” soon died out and the conquerors are generally referred to us the Anglo-Saxons. Ф-ОБ- 001/026 As a result of the conquest the Anglo-Saxons made up the majority of the population in Britain and their customs, religion and languages became predominant. They called the Celts ”welsh” which mean foreigners as they could not understand the Celtic language which was quite unlike their own. But gradually the Celts who were in the minority merged with the conquerors adopted their customs and learned to speak their languages. Only the Celts who reminded independent in the West, Scotland and Ireland spoke their native tongue. At first the