The Controversial Issue Of Animal Ethics Essay — страница 2

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dreaded A highly communicable respiratory disease plagues, estimated to have caused characterized by short, dry coughs. Species two million deaths. Species studied: cows studies: guinea pigs and rabbits Treatment for Anthrax: 1950?s Disease marked by rise in body temperature, Prevention of Polio: followed by depression, spasms respiratory or A disease marked by symptoms ranging from mild cardiac distress, convulsions, and death. infection to extensive paralysis. Today the disease has Species studied: sheep been eradicated in the western hemisphere. Species 1900?s studied: rabbits, monkeys, and rodents Cardiac Catheterization Techniques: Discovery of DNA A procedure which allows doctors to Determines individual hereditary characteristics. insert a flexible tube into an artery or

vein Species studied: rats and mice to the heart, used for injecting drugs directly Development of Open Heart Surgery and into the heart to measure blood flow and Cardiac Pacemaker: pressure, diagnose and treat congenital Revolutionized treatment for people suffering from heart disease and narrowed passages. sever heart disease. Species studies: dogs Species studied: dogs, rabbits Development of Cancer Chemotherapy: 1920?s Can bring about remission of certain cancers, either Discovery of Insulin: short-term or permanently. Species studied: monkeys To control diabetes, a chronic disease of the rabbits, and rodents pancreas marked by the inability to utilize 1960?s carbohydrates, excess sugar in the blood and Prevention of Rubella: urine, excessive thirst, hunger and urination, An

epidemic viral disease marked by low fever, rash, weakness and emaciation. Species studies: dogs enlarged lymph glands; can cause fetal defects in 1940?s pregnant women. Species studied: monkeys Prevention of Diphtheria: 1970?s An acute contagious disease marked by Prevention of Measles: formation of membranes in the throat and An acute contagious viral disease, once common in other air passages. childhood, marked by fever and skin eruptions. Can Species studied: horses cause death. Species studied: monkeys Antibiotics: 1990?s Development of penicillin and other antibiotics Breast cancer links: revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infection Scientists are closing in on the genetic and in humans and other animal. Species studies: environmental factors of breast cancer, which

is the many including rats, mice and rabbits leading cause of death of American women ages 35-54. Species studied: fruitflies, mice, and rats Source: Americans for Medical Progress Educational Foundation. ?Advances in Medicine Through Animal Research.? http://www.ampet.org/history.htm (7, Feb. 2000). There are many great advantages of animal experimentation. But over the years animals have been tortured. In order to prevent animal cruelty many laws and regulations have been passed. Some of the main ones are that unnecessary duplication of research. Replication of experiments may be reasonable, but the investigator must provide sufficient information to justify why an experiment needs to be repeated. The number of animals should be the minimum necessary to produce valid results

and the investigator must clearly present the method where the number of requested animals was calculated. Lastly when its appropriate a non-animal substitute should be used, or a species of lower order. Secor 4 Animal experimentation has taken place since before the 1900?s. As proven in the two previous tables there have been many advances in medicine due to animal research. Although along the way there have been draw backs. Misleading results derived from animal experiments have delayed important medical advances. A study was done to find compounds that would reduce damage from ischemic stroke. There were 25 compounds that were proven to work on laboratory animals, yet none proved efficacious on human trials (Animal Research is Wastefull and Misleading 2). Scientists believe

that this is because the stroke was suddenly given to the animals. So they did not undergo the slowly progressive arterial damage that usually plays a role in human strokes. The fight against poliomyelits (polio) was delayed due to misconceptions in studies done on monkeys. The experiments done on the monkeys indicated that the virus mainly infects the nervous system. When trials were done on humans they found that the gastrointestinal system was the primary route of infection. The reason the primary route was different was because the viral strains they had administered through the nose had artificially developed an affinity for brain tissue. This resulted in misguided preventive measures and it delayed the development of a vaccine. In addition medical research is used in