The Brain Essay Research Paper The Brain — страница 2

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most memory, but they also took a test on vocabulary and the man at the age of 76 got a score of 20 out of 25 words asked. The 25 year old man got a score of 15 out of 25 words asked to him, so as you can see the older man has the least memory loss but is more educated. ( 20/20, on 1-18-98 from A.B.C. Channel 7 ) Anyway, back to brain disorders, if the blow is much more severe, dizziness, paralysis, or even temporary blindness may occur. That will depend on the area of the brain affected. A tumor, you could get a tumor when some abnormal growth of healthy brain tissue occurs. If this tumor is located near the surface, it could be removed by surgery to the brain, but if your not so lucky and the tumor is deeper into the brain it is often treated by radiation or cooling techniques.

( Funk & Wagnalls, 1995, Encarta Encyclopedia.) If you get a brain stem injury in the upper part of the brain stem the symptoms might be: lose of appetite, with an extreme drop in body weight, an increase in appetite, heading to obesity, extraordinary thirst with excessive urination, failure in body temperature, which is going to make your body temperature rise or get lower then it already is and finally uncontrolled anger or aggression. ( Funk & Wagnalls, 1995, Encarta Encyclopedia. ) If you have what is called a apoplexy or a stoke you could be in big, big trouble. A stroke occurs when a major artery in the brain is blocked. When this happens a thrombus occurs, in 8th grade terms a blood clot occurs. The blood clot comes along when a blood vessel ruptures and bleeding

occurs causing a blood clot. When the blood supply to a small part of the brain is stopped the cells in that part of the brain die, which causes a function lose to that area of the brain affected. When a one-sided paralysis or stoke occurs one side of your body opposite the hemisphere of the brain affected may make sensory lose. This is called a massive stroke. Those are only a few injuries or damages that can almost ruin your life and they all happen in this 3 pound hunk of pinkish-gray tissue called your brain. ( Berger, 1983, pg. 102 & Funk & Wagnalls, 1995, Encarta Encyclopedia) A long time ago no one knew about the brain, they didn?t even know that the single- celled amoeba has a sensing system that helps it avoid harmful stimuli. However, over a long process of

evolution the development of the brain in higher order primates, humans, monkeys, ect., were founded to have a very complex and not understandable to the normal human mind. Vertebrates, animals with a backbone, however, fish, reptiles, and birds also, have the same three basic divisions as humans: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and the Brain Stem. The history of the brain is not so complicated as you think it is. The brain was discovered by many people but the first man to realize that the heart is not the center of intelligence and the brain is was Alcmaeon of Croton. Alcmaeon of Crotan was a famous Greek physician. But even before Alcmaeon there where the Egyptian physicians who operated on patients with the brain or skull damage, and they didn?t know or were very unsure of the

relationship between the brain and intelligence. In other words they could have destroyed ones life if they touched the wrong part of the brain. The most important men in the history of the brain, in my opinion, are: Galen another famous Greek physician, from the second century A.D., He described the working of the body as best as he knew it. The role of the heart and intelligence, however Galen was somewhat unsure of their relationship. In the forth century, Nemesius and St. Augutine announced the cell doctrine, in my words, each cavity, or ventricle, of the heart is responsible for human intelligence. They said that the first cell of the heart is controlling common or most used sense and imagination; the second is controlling thought, reason, and judgment; and the third is for

housing memory. Well, at least they were right about the three sections but not in the heart but in the brain. For the next sixteen centuries this prediction or misconception continued about the heart being the center of the thought, but the thing that gets me is that they didn?t even try anymore after Nemesius and St. Augustine. This happened because everyone accepted Galon?s theory and didn?t even try to experiment, but there was a man who believed different. This brave man, who I acknowledge, is Vesalius, the great anatomist of the Renaissance. Vesalius, whom believed Galens theory, thought that the brain was the center of sensory and muscular activities. Vesalius was right, but didn?t know it. Then finally in 1854, when everyone finally believed that Vesalius was right that