The Anonymity Of Juries Essay Research Paper — страница 4
jury. Critics assert that courts accept this premise despite a “total absence of any evidence of jury tampering, or of a conspiracy to tamper, injure, or otherwise adversely affect a juror.” 30 Although the need for anonymity is not limited to traditional organized crime cases, and the factors considered in empaneling anonymous juries existed to a lesser degree in cases preceding Barnes, the procedure is an appropriate safety measures in cases that “stretch the traditional dimensions of criminal law.” 31 Conclusion An impartial jury is only a criminal defendant’s constitutional right but a hallmark of any civilized judicial system. In extraordinary cases, juror anonymity is necessary to ensure this goal. Rather than alerting a juror to a defendant’s violent persona, anonymity merely allays existing fears and prevents outside forces from prejudicing either side. Preventing a defendant from using his reputation or resources to discourage conviction preserves, rather than subverts, the integrity of the judicial process. — Endnotes 1 United States v. Barnes, 604 F.2d 121, 140-41 (2d Cir. 1979), cert. denied 446 U.S. 907 (1980). 2 William M. Kunstler, “The Threat of Anonymous Juries,” The Nation, 22 October 1983, 360. 3 Ibid., 360. 4 Seymour Wishman, Anatomy of a Jury: the system on trial, (New York: Times Books, 1986), 28. 5 Ephraim Margolin & Gerald F. Uelman, “The Anonymous Jury,” Criminal Justice Journal, Fall 94, 16. 6 Ibid., 16. 7 United States Constitution amendments V, VI, XIV. 8 Rosales-Lopez v. United States, 451 U.S. 182, 189-90 (1981). 9 Gold v. United States, 378 F.2d 588, 594 (9th Cir. 1967) (no right to jurors’ religous backgrounds); Johnson v. United States, 270 F.2d 721, 724 (9th Cir. 1959) (no right to jurors’ addresses), cert denied, 362 U.S. 937 (1960); Wagner v. United States, 264 F.2d 524, 528 (9th Cir.) (no right to jurors’ names), cert. denied, 360 U.S. 936 (1959). 10 United States v. Barnes, 604 F.2d 121, 140-41 (2d Cir. 1979), cert. denied 446 U.S. 907 (1980). 11 Ibid., 121, 174. 12 D. P. Lehner, “Anonymous Juries: Do the Benefits Warrant Jeopardizing the Rights of the Accused?,” Criminal Justice Journal, Fall-Winter 1988, 189-190. 13 Ibid., 189-190. 14 Seymour Wishman, Anatomy of a Jury: the system on trial, (New York: Times Books, 1986), 134-36. 15 Ibid., 134-135. 16 Ibid., 136. 17 Ibid., 136. 18 Ephraim Margolin & Gerald F. Uelman, “The Anonymous Jury,” Criminal Justice Journal, Fall 94, 61. 19 Ibid., 94, 61. 20 United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d 1359, 1364-65 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 106 S.Ct 66 (1985). 21 Ibid., 1359, 1364-65. 22 Ibid., 1359, 1364-65. 23 D. P. Lehner, “Anonymous Juries: Do the Benefits Warrant Jeopardizing the Rights of the Accused?,” Criminal Justice Journal, Fall-Winter 1988, 188. 24 Ibid., 188. 25 Ibid., 200-201. 26 William M. Kunstler, “The Threat of Anonymous Juries,” The Nation, 22 October 1983, 360. 27 United States v. Barnes, 604 F.2d 121, 141 (2d Cir. 1979), cert. denied 446 U.S. 907 (1980). 28 D. P. Lehner, “Anonymous Juries: Do the Benefits Warrant Jeopardizing the Rights of the Accused?,” Criminal Justice Journal, Fall-Winter 1988, 187. 29 William M. Kunstler, “The Threat of Anonymous Juries,” The Nation, 22 October 1983, 360. 30 D. P. Lehner, “Anonymous Juries: Do the Benefits Warrant Jeopardizing the Rights of the Accused?,” Criminal Justice Journal, Fall-Winter 1988, 200. 31 Ibid., 199. — Bibliography Gold v. United States, 378 F.2d (9th Cir. 1967). Hevesi, Dennis. (1992, April 3). A need for security kept numbered jurors cloaked in anonymity. New York Times, pp. A17, B2. Johnson v. United States, 270 F.2d (9th Cir. 1959), cert denied, 362 U.S. 937 (1960). Kunstler, William M. (1983, October). The Threat of Anonymous Juries. The Nation, p. 360. Lehner, D. P. (1988, Fall-Winter). Anonymous Juries: Do the Benefits Warrant Jeopardizing the Rights of the Accused? Criminal Justice Journal, pp. 187-201. Marcus, Amy Dockser. (1991, April 9). Legal Beat: An Anonymous Jury. Wall Street Journal, p. B8 Margolin, Ephraim & Uelman, Gerald F. (1994, Fall). The Anonymous Jury. Criminal Justice Journal, pp. 14-18, 60-61. Roane, Kit R. (1994, August 12). We, the jury, who are anonymous. New York Times, p. A20. Rosales-Lopez v. United States, 451 U.S. (1981). United States v. Barnes, 604 F.2d (2d Cir. 1979), cert. denied 446 U.S. 907 (1980). United States Constitution amendments V, VI, XIV. United States v. Thomas, 757 F.2d (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 106 S.Ct 66 (1985). Wagner v. United States, 264 F.2d (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 360 U.S. 936 (1959). Wishman, Seymour. (1986). Anatomy of a Jury: the system on trial. New York: Times Books,
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