Territorial varieties of English pronunciation — страница 13

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ballet [bas'lei] [baelei] beret [ba'rei] [ben] 3. Some compound words have stress on the first element in GA and in RP they retain it on the second element: weekend, ice-cream, hotdog, New Year. 4. Polysyllabic words ending in – ory, – ary, – many have secondary stress in GA, often called «tertiary»: laboratory flaebrs.ton], dictionary fdikfa.nen], secretary [sekrə.teri], testimony [testimouni]. GA intonation on the whole is similar to that of RP. But there are, of course, some differences that should be mentioned here. 1. In sentences where the most common pre-nuclear contour in RP is a gradually descending sequence, the counterpart GA contour is a medium Level Head: I don't want to go to the theatre. 4. The Fall-Rise nuclear tone is different in RP and GA: Really?

These comparisons show that the main differences in intonation concern the direction of the voice pitch and the realization of the terminal tones. In GA the voice doesn't fall to the bottom mostly. This explains the fact that the English speech for Americans sounds «affected» and «pretentious» or «sophisticated». And for the English, Americans sound «dull», «monotonous», «indifferent». It should also be mentioned that the distribution of terminal tones in sentence types is also different in both variants of English. 1. GA «Yes, No» questions commonly have a falling terminal tone; the counterpart RP tone would be a rising one: Shall we stay here? 2. Requests in RP are usually pronounced with a Rise, whereas in GA they may take a Fall-Rise: Open the door. Its emphatic

variant in Mid-wavy-level Head: 2. The usual Medium or Low Fall in RP has its rising-falling counterpart in GA: Come and see me tomorrow. 3. Leave-takings are often pronounced with a high-pitched Fall-Rise in GA: Good night. 3. The rising terminal tone in RP in GA has a mid-rising contour: Do you like it? Or it may have a level tone in GA: In conclusion we would like to say that American phoneticians use a pitch contour system to mark intonation in the text: It's a Wery 'cold, day. ««Will you, come? Will you come? It is certain that we have not covered here all the cases of different intonation structures used in RP and GA. Recently there have appeared in this country several papers and books on the subject, so for further information see those books. Bibliography 1.

Аванесов Р.И. Фонетика современного русского литературного языка. – М., 1979. 2. Антипова А.М. Ритмическая система английской речи. – М., 1984. 3. Ахманова О.С. Фонология, морфонология, морфология. – М., 1966. 4. Березин Ф.М., Головин Б.Н. Общее языкознание. – М., 1970. 5. Блохина Л.П. Просодические характеристики речи и методы их анализа.‑М., 1980. 6. Бодуэн де Куртене И.А. Избранные труды по общему языкознанию. – М.,

1963.-Т, 1, 2. 7. Борисова Л.В., Метлюк А.А. Теоретическая фонетика. – Минск, 1980. 8. Брызгунова Е.А. Звуки и интонация русской речи. – М., 1969. 9. Буланин Л.Л. Фонетика современного русского языка. – М., 1970. 10. Виноградов В.В. Стилистика. Теория поэтической речи. Поэтика. – М., 1963. 11. Гайдучик С.М. Просодическая система современного немецкого языка. – Минск, 1972. 12. Глисон Г.А. Введение в дескриптивную лингвистику. –

М., 1959, 13. Диалогическая речь: Основы и процесс / Материалы международного симпозиума по проблемам диалогической речи. – Тбилиси, 1980. 14. Дубовский Ю.А. Анализ интонации устного текста и его составляющих. – Минск, 1978. 15. Жинкин Н.И. Механизмы речи. – М., 1958. 16. Зиндер ЛЗ. Общая фонетика. – Л., 1979. 17. Златоустова Л.В. Фонетическая структура слова в потоке речи. – Казань, 1962. 18. Златоустова Л.В. О ритмических структурах в