Teaching sentence structure — страница 9

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and the predicate noun, while an appositive follows a word directly and is generally set off by commas. Appositive: The Homestake, this country’s largest gold mine, is in Lead, South Dakota. Predicate noun: The Homestake is this country’s largest gold mine. Bloody Basin, the locate of several Zane Grey novels, is still a primitive area. Locale is in apposition with Bloody Basin. An appositive is placed after the word it explains and is enclosed in parentheses. The and of several Zane Grey novels modify locale. ADVERBIAL NOUN Nouns which indicate distance, time, weight, or value are often used as adverbs. The ill-fated Shenandoah was almost three city blocks long. (How 25000 long? Blocks.) Before its crash in 1925 this famous dirigible had flown 25,000 miles. (How much?

Miles.) Last Summer Paul, Chris, and I rode a mule-drawn barge on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Summer, a noun used as an adverb, modified the verb rode. It is diagramed like the object of a preposition. The square, wooden houses of prosperous New England sea captains were usually three stories high. Stories, a noun used as an adverb, modify the predicate adjective high. PRACTICE 15. Identifying Parts of the Simple Sentence Diagram the following sentences. OR Copy the following sentences, Skipping every other line. Underline every simple or compound subject once and every predicate verb twice. Enclose every prepositional phrase in parentheses. Identify all forms listed below. Write the abbreviation above the word. p.a.–predicate i.o.–indirect adjective p.n.–predicate noun

o.p.–object of preposition p.pr.–predicate pronoun ap.–appositive d.o.–direct object a.n.–adverbial noun HE FIGHT FOR PURE FOODS AND DRUGS A. 1. The medicine man is a stock character (in many Western movies and novels) 2. (According to the salesman) his «snake oil» could cure any ailment. 3. His comical behavior has given modern movie-goers many laughs. 4. (In a serious vein) he symbolizes the lack (of protection) (for the citizens) (of yesterday) 5. Lack (of uniform legislation) and inadequate protection endangered the heals (of all Americans) sixty years ago. 6. Foods and drugs were not regulated (for the welfare) (of all) 7. Sellers (of medicines) made impossible claims. 8. Foods were packaged (under unsanitary conditions.) 9. Weights were dishonest. 10. Narcotics

(in medicines) caused drug addiction. B. 1. Expensive foods were adulterated (with cheaper substitutes) 2. (For proof) (of the genuineness) (of his product) one manufacturer put a dead bee (in every jar) (of artificial «honey») 3. Harmful chemical preservatives were indiscriminately added (to foods) 4. Dr. Harvey W. Wiley, chief chemist (of the Department of Agriculture), was a crusader (for regulation) 5. His stand was un popular (with many groups) (of people) 6. Each year new opponents attacked Dr. Wiley. 7. He had a powerful ally, President Theodore Roosevelt. 8. (After many difficulties) a bill was passed and was sent (To the President) 9. (In 1906) the bill became a low and opened a new era (in public health) 10. (IN 1956) (on the fiftieth anniversary) (of the law’s

passage) Dr. Wiley’s portrait was placed (on a commemorative stamp) MASTERY TEST 1B Parts of the Simple Sentence MEDIAN 16.8 Copy the italicized words s a column and number them 1 to 25. Then, using the following abbreviations, indicate the use in the sentence of each word. Write the abbreviations in a column to the right of the words. s.s.–simple subject d.o.–direct object v.–verb i.o.–indirect object p.a.–predicate adjective o.p.–object of preposition p.n.–predicate noun ap.–appositive p.pr.–predicate pronoun a.n.–adverbial noun 1. The chief source of lead is galena, a gray mineral. 2. Were elephants ever native to America? 3. The next week Ralph, an excellent pitcher, became a member of the team. 4. Is that frisky hamster a pet of yours? 5. A few minutes

later the sky was growing red and purple and just a little darker. 6. For Easter Grandmother Lane bought Susie a new red bonnet with a feather on it. 7. Tom and Huck adopted Joe as a member of their club and taught him all their secret signs. 8. Betsy, a skilled mimic, reenacted the scene with deadly realism. When your test has been marked, turn to the first page of the book and following directions, prepare your achievement graph for the year. Then enter on the graph your mark in Test 1. During the year enter on this graph your mark in every mastery test. 2.6 Subject, Verb, Direct Object, Complement ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENT An adjective complement completes the verb and refers to the direct object. It is the usually a noun or an adjective. The juniors chose Sam Ackerson class