Portuguese emigration after World War II — страница 8

6 130 4,974 34,754 14.31 1960 12,451 5,679 4,895 28,513 6,434 54 158 6,646 35,159 18.90 1961 16,073 3,370 2,635 27,499 10,492 277 304 11,073 38,572 28.71 1962 13,555 2,425 2,739 24,376 16,798 1,393 435 18,626 43,002 43.31 1963 11,281 2,922 3,424 22,420 29,843 2,118 837 32,798 55,218 59.40 1964 4,929 1,601 4,770 17,232 51,668 4,771 1,905 58,344 75,576 77.20 1965 3,051 1,852 5,197 17,557 60,267 12,197 1,467 73,931 91,488 80.81 1966 2,607 13,357 6,795 33,266 63,611 11,250 3,868 78,729 111,995 70.30 1967 3,271 11,516 6,615 28,584 59,597 4,070 2,461 66,128 94,712 69.82 1968 3,512 10,841 6,833 27,014 58,741 8,435 2,037 69,213 96,227 71.93 1969 2,537 13,111 6,502 27,383 110,614 15,406 2,269 128,289 155,672 82.41 1970 1,669 9,726 6,529 22,659 135,667 22,915 1,964 160,546 183,205 87.63

1971 1,200 8,839 6,983 21,962 110,820 24,273 1,418 136,511 158,473 86.14 1972 1,158 7,574 6,845 20,l22 68,692 24,946 1,785 95,423 115,545 82.59 1973 890 8,160 7,403 22,091 63,942 38,444 5,255 107,641 129,732 82.97 1974 729 9,540 11,650 25,822 37,727 13,352 3,958 55,037 80,859 68.07 1975 1,553 8,975 5,857 19,304 23,436 8,177 1,569 33,182 52,486 63.22 1976 837 7,499 3,585 14,762 17,919 5,913 598 24,430 39,192 62.33 1977 557 6,748 2,280 14,826 13,265 4,835 750 18,850 33,676 55.97 1978 323 8,171 1,871 16,307 7,406 4,509 636 12,551 28,858 43.49 1979 215 8,181 2,805 17,532 5,987 4,400 807 11,194 28,726 38.97 1980 230 4,999 2,334 15,281 5,200 4,000 692 9,892 25,173 39.30 1981 228 4,295 2,196 14,498 8,600 3,100 409 12,109 26,607 45.51 1982 187 1,889 1,484 9,420 17,900 1,900 285 20,085

29,505 68.07 1983 197 2,437 823 6,242 6,300 1,500 166 7,966 14,208 56.07 1984 121 2,651 764 5,747 4,600 1,400 116 6,116 11,863 51.56 1985 136 2,783 791 5,842 4,000 1,600 109 5,709 11,551 49.42 1986 91 2,704 983 5,024 1,800 3,100 280 5,180 10,204 50.76 1987 28 2,643 3,398 7,757 400 3,100 158 3,658 11,415 32.05 1988 21 2,112 5,646 8,934 600 3,600 198 4,398 13,332 32.99 1 The following discussion draws heavily on four publications by Maria I. B. Baganha: “Portuguese Emigration: Current Characteristics and Trends” (Portuguese Report to COST A2 conference “Migration: Europe’s Integration and the Labor Force;’ Leuven, 1991); “As correntes emigratórias portuguesas no século XX e o seu impacto na economia nacional” in Análise Social, 128 (39), 1994: 959-980;

“Principais características e tendências da emigração portuguesa” in Estruturas sociais e desenvolvimento: actas do II Congresso Português de Sociologia (Lisbon: Fragmentos, 1994), 819-35; “The Market, the State, and the Migrants: Portuguese Emigration Under the Corporative Regime” (Paper presented to the ESF Conference “Migration and Development,” Crete, 1994). 2 France, Office Nationale d’Immigration (ONI) for the given years, in M. L. Marinho Antunes, “A emigração portuguesa desde 1950: dados e comentários,” in Cadernos GIS 7 (Lisbon: GIS, 1973),73,109. 3 See Luís Miguel Seruya, “Determinantes e características da emigração portuguesa, 1960-1979,” in Perspectivas da emigração portuguesa para a CEE, 1980-1990, ed. Heinz-Michael Stahl et al.

(Lisbon: Moraes Editores/I.E.D., 1982), 37-64; Mary M. Kritz, Charles B. Keely, and Silvano M. Tomasi, eds., Global Trends in Migration: Theory and Research on International Population Movement, 3d ed. (Staten Island, N. Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1983); W. R. Bohning, Studies in International Labour Migration (London: Macmillan, 1984); Jorge P. Branco, A estrutura da comunidade portuguesa em França (Porto: Secretaria de Estado das Comunidades Portuguesas/Centro de Estudos, 1986). 4 In the early 1980s, for example, the portion of unskilled workers was 45 percent among the Portuguese immigrant labor force in France, similar to other foreign groups but much higher than among natives. The share of unskilled laborers in the French active population was 29 percent. Branco, A

estrutura, 70-71. 5 5. F. G. Cassola Ribeiro, Emigração portuguesa. Aspectos relevantes relativos às políticas adoptadas no domínio da emigração portuguesa, desde a última guerra mundial. Contribuição para o seu estudo (Porto: Secretaria de Estado das Comunidades Portuguesas/Centro de Estudos, 1986), 41-42. 6 Proposta de lei sobre política de emigração, in Actas da Câmara Corporativa 142 (February 23, 1973). See also Ribeiro, Emigração portuguesa, 95-110. 7 The figure does not include the 105,000 special legalizations performed by the Emigration Bureau between 1963 and 1969. See Antunes, “A emigração portuguesa,” 13-15. 8 The estimate includes 975,000 arrivals to France and 212,000 arrivals to Germany, respectively. 9 Some 777,000 arrivals to France and