American Fine Arts 19451970 Essay Research Paper — страница 4
Painters like Ed Ruscha (see appendix G) still based their art on common things and basic forms. Yet, slowly, as we came closer to the end of the 1960’s, a strange occurrence began to happen in the art world. A new popular form of art was photo-realism. Photo-realism’s roots grew out of Pop art by taking the images seen from the everyday world. Artists like Richard Estes (see appendix H) painted scenes of cities, diners, and drive thrus while Chuck Close (appendix H) painted such realistic self portraits that they were virtually impossible to tell from a photograph. These paintings did not have any emotion and were cold but the accuracy was impossible to get away from, it made them fascinating. The main goal of photo-realism was to destroy completely what was once abstract or expressionist art. By doing this, there was the possibility of turning art a completely new direction—towards a non-abstractionist future. Op Art The Op (Optical) Art movement was a very short movement taking place after Pop art, from 1964 until 1967. “Op Art began with the desire to involve a correlation between seeing and understanding” . The birth of Op Art came along when an article in Time Magazine in 1964 called a new art movement, where artists focus on eye manipulation, “Op Art”. The artists of the movement such as Bridget Riley (see appendix I) thought that their movement was one based on the eye and that the eye was the most important tool for observing and understanding art. One of the major goals of Op Art was to trick the brain and the eye—to make them interpret information differently. Like all other optical illusions, the Op artists would create images that did not really exist by using line and contrasting color. In Bridget Riley’s “Current”, when one walks towards or away from the picture, it appears to move. Op art went beyond Pop Art to create a manufactured look by eliminating paint and brushes completely and using machines instead. These artists wanted to show how a seemingly empty and meaningless picture could still capture the emotions of the viewer. “Op art has represented an exploration to understanding how man uses his eyes to interpret and absorb information” . What makes Op Art stand out as an important movement is that it made art into something that uses understanding as much as seeing. With Op Art, art became an experience. Minimalism Minimalism was another short movement taking place in the late 1960’s, primarily in sculpture. This movement received the most criticism from the public because no one understood how rows of rectangles or interlocking cubes were truly art. Yet, even though other artists thought their art should have some aesthetics, the Minimalists only wanted to portray their sculpture in a clear way. They used found objects like Styrofoam, wood, and fluorescent lights. Artists like Don Judd, Dan Flavin, and Frank Stella were the “select few” that were deemed the Minimalist artists in this time period. Whether they were painting stripes like Stella or creating sculpture from light bulbs like Flavin (see appendix J), they were directed towards the same idea: the idea of order. Minimalism was an important movement because of how antithetical it was compared to previous movements. Unlike the abstract expressionists, all ideas of emotion and feeling were removed from the piece. Minimalists also went beyond the Pop artists by removing the easily recognizable pictures of everyday things and reducing them to basic forms. Another important role which Minimalism played its influence on a following and even more abstract movement: Conceptual Art. Conceptual Art Conceptual Art is one of the most enigmatic movements in art. It is not based on actual art but rather on an idea or concept. The forefather of Conceptual Art was Dadaist, Marcel Duchamp. Duchamp’s philosophy was “that every artwork’s idea was more important than its product” They eliminated every object from the art itself being left with only an idea. If the idea was executed, it would only be executed with the necessary objects or even less artistically, words. Rather than paint and canvas, the Conceptual artist created books full of their ideas. The Conceptual artists purpose was to intrigue, shock, amuse, evoke some sort of emotion, and sometimes even anger the viewer. Conceptual art was a movement created more for the creator than the viewer. It allowed the artist to be completely free and able to express with out any limitations what so ever. And with the height of freedom which existed during this time period, Conceptual Art officially ends the definable era of Modern Art. Art As Adversary Politics While much of the art of this time
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