American Fine Arts 19451970 Essay Research Paper — страница 3
artists joining its ranks everyday. Not only was Pop art appearing more frequently as a new art movement, but other movements were being seen more often such as Minimalism, Optical Art, Post-Pop and Photo-Realism, as well as Conceptual Art. Pop Art Most noticed during the early to mid 1960’s was the Pop Art movement. These times can be summed up as times during which the entire country was “experiencing a new cultural awakening mobilized by President John F. Kennedy’s proclamation of a ‘New Frontier’” . The American Pop Art movement was centered in New York City during this time period. “New York Pop included an enriching tale of humor combined with culture” much unlike American Pop Art’s cousin British Pop Art whose purpose was solely to undo the work of the abstract expressionists. The New York Pop artists also “represented the fulfillment of the American idea of mass-production” These new artists embarked on a style that did not limit them, but rather allowed them to explore the freest forms of their creative minds. Their styles, if one can be defined, all employed different elements, devices and meanings. They offered new artwork that was closely associated with the culture of the second half of the 20th century. They portrayed artwork through a variety of methods that differed from the ordinary painting or sculpture—including commercial, comic strip, and food sculptures. They aimed to depersonalize art, removing such elements as people, and sometimes focusing on technology or mechanization. Generally, not one painter in the field of Pop Art was doing the same things as one of his or her counterparts. Yet, one of the major beliefs that ran through Pop Art was that all art is similar. All aspects of modern culture had similarities whether it was a television, assembly line, commercial or person. They used any objects, magazines, food, newspaper illustrations, clothing, furniture, cars and even cartoons as part of their theories on art. During this time, Jasper Johns and Robert Rauchenberg continued to explore the field of Pop Art, as well as many other newer artists such as Roy Lichtenstien and Andy Warhol. One of the most prominent painters of the Pop Art movement was Andy Warhol (see appendix E). Andy Warhol began his career as a commercial graphic artist and worked directly in the field of Pop culture. After the 1950’s ended, Warhol moved into Pop art and out of Pop culture, taking with him numerous unique influences. Unlike Rauchenberg and Johns, Warhol’s subjects were not anonymous or symbolic. Warhol dug straight into the heart of pop culture and focused on copies of magazine ads, products found in the grocery store such as Campbell’s Soup, and famous movie stars and icons such as Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, and Jackie Kennedy. Warhol’s art was free from aestheticism whatsoever. Warhol’s paintings were mass produced on silk screens at his studio aptly named “The Factory”. He showed that art is nothing more than what one makes of it and that it can be found everywhere. Roy Lichtenstien (see appendix F), another artist of this same period, felt the same way about art. One major difference between Warhol and Lichtenstien is that Lichtenstien focused on one major subject: comic strips. Lichtenstien, like the others, took something found in every day culture and created something new with it and something that works on many levels. In a 1963 interview with Gene R. Swenson, when asked if he thought Pop art was “despicable” Lichtenstien summed up Pop art overall: …It is an involvement with what I think to be the most brazen and threatening characteristics of our culture, things we hate, but which are also powerful in their impingement on us. I think art since C?zanne has become extremely romantic and unrealistic, feeding on art…It has had less and less to do with the world…Outside is the world; it’s there. Pop art looks out into the world; it appears to except its environment… And that was exactly what Lichtenstein’s, as well as all the other’s, art was doing. Taking the world and making it art. Along with Rauchenberg, Johns, James Rosenquist, Claes Oldenberg, and Warhol, Lichtenstien laid the foundation for the future of art. Pop art, unlike some other art movements, explored new art practices that allowed them to inquire into how art can differ from the more mundane abstract. At the time, people mainly enjoyed Pop art because of its connectivity from humanity to culture. Yet, today, the implications and hypotheses of Pop art have left an unprecedented impact on the art world. Post-Pop and Photo-Realism The later period of Pop-Art remained similar to what had been happening before.
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